【上海水處理設備網www.esdzu.com】從國家2019年大力推進垃圾分類以來，全國各地紛紛將形成3年的規劃，將垃圾分類落實到地。垃圾分類之后，對滲濾液的水質勢必有非常大的影響。對填埋場滲濾液，垃圾焚燒發電廠滲濾液的水量和水質都將帶來非常大的影響，相對來說，這兩種滲濾液案例較多，較為幼稚，將會在原來的基礎上進行一定的改進和運行調整。

而垃圾分類之后的廚余垃圾的滲濾液成為目前更為關注的熱點。垃圾分來之后的廚余垃圾（濕垃圾）就地處置迎來“春天”目前呈現迸發的趨勢。而爆發的同時，限制該就地處置系統推廣的環保問題之一，就是滲濾液（污水）處置達標排放。

要考慮如何將廚余垃圾滲濾液（污水）達標，先來了解一下廚余垃圾的成分，從廚余垃圾的含水率來分析該滲濾液（污水）水量與水質，從而針對性的來進行設計。

2020年7月17日在廣州官網曬出了2019年廣州市終端生活垃圾組成和性質的分析。

根據分析內容，2019年廣州市的生活垃圾物理組成（重量百分比）如下：廚余類（主要為有機易腐垃圾）55.04%橡塑類23.03%紡織類8.66%紙類6.99%玻璃類2.22%木竹類1.64%混合類0.93%磚瓦陶瓷類0.80%金屬類0.68%其他0.01%其中，混合類”指粒徑小于10mm分類比較困難的混合物；其他指廢棄的電池等物質）生活垃圾主要性質如下：容重266kg/m3含水率54.54%濕基低位熱值6869kJ/kg

具體到廚余垃圾，根據相關論文分析看出，餐廚（廚余）垃圾組分平均含水率高達79.5％，干基成分中主要食物垃圾和骨頭貝類為主，另有總油脂高、營養物豐富等特點。餐廚廢棄物中固體廢棄物約占18%廢棄油脂約占3%餐廚廢水約占79%餐廚固體廢棄物主要含有淀粉,粗蛋白和粗脂肪，分別占總質量的32%20%和29%

根據論文“上海市分類后家庭廚余垃圾理化特性分析”對選定的6個街道進行廚余垃圾理化特性全面檢測，由檢測結果可知，上海廚余垃圾含水率在73%~89%之間，C/N比在14~20之間，脂肪含量在0.7%~2.1%之間，蛋白質在1.25%~2.15%之間，含鹽率在0.09%~0.29%之間，重金屬含量均低于《食品中污染物限量》GB2762-2012限值規范。

中國市政工程華北設計研究總院教授級高工，資深滲濾液處置專家杜昱曾在2020年5月的直播中講到廚余垃圾滲濾液大多執行三級規范，但是對總氮的要求比較嚴，而廚余垃圾垃圾處置廠無法消納濃縮液，因此非膜法在廚余垃圾滲濾液中將更有應用前景。

若采用厭氧發酵處置廚余垃圾的由于厭氧中發生的氨化作用，沼液中氨氮含量很高（已建項目實測值高達4000mg/l針對進水總氮高的特點應用于該廚余垃圾滲濾液處理中，將是全流程范圍內考慮脫氮的問題，而不應該依托某一點。

廚余垃圾滲濾液全程脫氮，以及無濃縮液的工藝，將是符合社會需求的工藝技術，也是廚余垃圾滲濾液的難點與重點。  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